Special Flood Hazard Area
Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) are high-risk flood zones identified on Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) issued by FEMA. These areas have a 1% annual chance of flooding, commonly referred to as the "100-year floodplain." Buildings within SFHAs face a higher likelihood of flood damage and are subject to specific NFIP requirements.
Although Flood zones are used to identify flood risk, they are no longer used to determine flood insurance rates.
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SFHA Importance
- Mandatory Flood Insurance: Properties with federally backed mortgages located in SFHAs are required to carry flood insurance.
- Floodplain Management Standards: Communities participating in the NFIP must enforce floodplain management standards for construction and development within SFHAs to reduce flood risk.
How Are SFHAs Identified?
SFHAs are shown on FEMA’s Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) and include zones labeled:
- Zone A: Areas subject to flooding but without a determined Base Flood Elevation (BFE).
- Zone AE, A1-A30: Areas with a determined BFE.
- Zone AO: Areas with shallow flooding or sheet flow, with specific depths noted.
- Zone AH: Areas with shallow ponding and defined BFEs.
- Zone V and VE: Coastal areas with high-velocity wave action and determined BFEs.
Key Considerations for Agents
- Flood Insurance Requirements: Federally regulated lenders enforce mandatory flood insurance for properties in SFHAs.
- Flood Zone Changes: Properties mapped into or out of SFHAs may experience changes in flood insurance requirements and premiums.
- Documentation Needs: Properties in SFHAs may require Elevation Certificates (ECs) or other documentation to determine accurate premium rates.
Where to Find More Information
The Flood Insurance Manual has an appendix with more details about maps and zones: Appendix D: Flood Maps
Agents can access FIRMs and additional resources through FEMA’s Map Service Center. Regularly updating knowledge about SFHA designations and requirements ensures accurate guidance for clients.
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This page contains information about the NFIP. Find more NFIP Resources. |